*THE CIRCLE IN DAILY LIFE*


It is the symbol of the universe, as being the ultimate point is that it supports. The center circle is always equal distance to all points at the periphery. So the circle is a symbol of balance. Point is an expansion that gives rise circle of the event. A circle with a dot inside is the sun, symbol of the spirit that feeds the material. Circle is also the symbol of eternal return, which is reflected in the cyclical nature as the seasons, days, moon phases, etc., being found even at the cellular level. The circle symbolizes the five elements of air, space expansion.

***The Muddy Volcano by Cristina

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In our country, but also in other regions of the globe, in many places the exit gas from the basement to determine surface water movement and involvement of deep clay and sand particles from the layers of rock. The result is a mud more or less viscous, rising through the aperture to cut layers and which, once reached the surface, flows while creating a specific relief. Most often result cones and plates of various sizes, but small. What is interesting is that the finished product is seen at surface circular shape with a diameter greater than or less.

The differences between them are enormous, three key dimensions (a few tens of square meters to several hectares in relation to several km2), the nature of matter that moves (mud from rock melts) and landforms created during the existence of (two to three years in mud-volcanoes Josiah tens of thousands of self-professed volcanoes years).
Such natural phenomena in our country, Subcarpathians occur frequently, but were described in the last 150 years and in other places (ex.la Hasag, near Ocna Sibiu, or Homorod at Bazna, and then in the hills of Transylvania Moldova, where are some places called 'muddy'or'muddy mesh).
But the most interesting forms, which have larger dimensions and where the processes have a special intensity are common in the Buzau Sub-Carpathians, a line of approx. 20 km, between settlements and Arbanasi Berka.
We still have some photos taken during the visit that area…


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***The Tree Rings by Mihaita

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Tree rings have two important roles:
- Indicates year trees (annual rings).
- With their help we can find some information about drought
According to a study published in 2005 in the Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences) in otolitele (ear bones) of certain species of ocean fish, scientists have found in growth rings that can read information Interesting that might prove very useful in business management resources more împuţinatelor globe.
Also according to that study, the newly-revealed both rings can provide information about the climate situation and on the shore of the deep sea.
Certainly there is a secret to anyone that growth rings of trees are used for a long time to determine the effects of climate on their development, but also to determine the exact age of each tree individually. Climatic conditions have a bearing on all the trees in a certain place, influencing their growth equally. "Climate footprint" is represented precisely the growth rings are very narrow in dry years when precipitation during May-rich, with a mild climate and favorable development they become wider.
A role of rings in trees is to give the show their years. These rings having a specific round circle.
Knowledge of wood structure is necessary for the construction and interpretation of variation patterns on the link between environmental factors and radial growth of trees, expressed as annual ring width, or through its other character-istics (density, structure, etc..) (Fritts, 1976) . It is difficult to understand how environmental factors affect the growth of trees without knowing how and when to carry out physiological processes, resulting in the formation of new annual ring. Understanding how the active growing season begins and ends.
Each annual ring characteristics are determined by the proportions of various cellular elements com-Ponente, reflecting the growing conditions of vegetation season, when a plan of organization of the wood structure constant (Marocico, 1994).

Another role of the rings is to learn about the drought.
A group of scientists develop a system that droughts in Indonesia can be planned and managed efficiently by accessing the rings. A detailed study of annual rings of trees suggest a direct link between climate change in Europe visiting some 9,000 artifacts made of wood.
In their study, Dr. Buntgen and his colleagues used the data found by other specialists. In particular, archaeological information, which constituted a timeline based on rings of oak trees in Central Europe.
Once established these things, the researchers sought to see if there is a relationship between climatic conditions and development of human society.


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***The Olympic Rings By Daniel Tica

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The five Olympic rings represent the five continents involved in the Olympics and were designed in 1913, adopted in 1914 and debuted at the Games. They stood for five regions that participated at Antwerp 1920.  

The symbol of the Olympic Games is composed of five interlocking rings, colored blue, yellow, black, green, and red on a white field. This was originally designed in 1912 by Baron Pierre de Coubertin , the founder of the modern Olympic Games. Upon its initial introduction, de Coubertin stated the following in the August, 1912 edition of Revue Olympique : Olympique:

In his article published in the "Olympic Revue" the official magazine of the International Olympic Committee in November 1992, the American historian Robert Barney explains that the idea of the interlaced rings came to Pierre de Coubertin when he was in charge of the USFSA , an association founded by the union of two French sports associations and until 1925, responsible for representing the International Olympic Committee in France: The emblem of the union was two interlaced rings (like the vesica piscis typical interlaced marriage rings) and originally the idea of Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung because for him the ring meant continuity and the human being. According to De Coubertin the ring colors with the white background stand for those colors that appeared on all the national flags of the world at that time. The 1914 Congress had to be suspended because of the outbreak of World War I , but the symbol (and flag) were later adopted. oficial de debut la Jocurile de la Olimpiada VII din Anvers, Belgia în 1920.

The symbol's popularity and widespread use began during the lead-up to the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin . Carl Diem , president of the Organizing Committee of the 1936 Summer Olympics , wanted to hold a torchbearers' ceremony in the stadium at Delphi , site of the famous oracle, where the Pythian Games were also held. For this reason he ordered construction of a milestone with the Olympic rings carved in the sides, and that a torchbearer should carry the flame along with an escort of three others from there to Berlin..This created a myth that the symbol had an ancient Greek origin. The rings would subsequently be featured prominently in Nazi images in 1936 as part of an effort to glorify the Third Reich . The current view of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) is that the symbol "reinforces the idea" that the Olympic Movement is international and welcomes all countries of the world to join. As can be read in the Olympic Charter , the Olympic symbol represents the union .

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***The Potter's Wheel By Madalina

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It was first mentioned in Mesopotamia, Egypt and then grow and eventually in Europe, at first only a disk or wheel to process clay and potter who has evolved into a plateau situated to the ground.
Then using a wooden disk attached to a vertical pin around which the disc was spun by hand.
In May the upper phase, added to the shaft to drive large-scale set in motion continues moving down smoothly.
The observed changes in material culture: obictele made ​​of iron are experiencing increasingly wide use, and especially in pottery, dishes besides u hand shaped pottery tradition is old potter's wheel.
Technical amendment to the ceramic wheel is appropriated on a date earlier


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***The Painting Circles by Ionut P.

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Halo and mandorla as representations of divine light
Both in their writings and lives of saints often encounter testimony about a light that illuminates the inner faces of the saints, in their moments of supreme glory, which Moses also shone on his face when he descended the mountain, so it is covered with a wave because people do not reset the brightness (Exodus 34, 30, II Cor. 3, 7-8).
Icon translate this phenomenon in the halo light, outer attribute designates a well-defined precisely in the spiritual world. The light that shines on the faces of saints and Slavite head around it (as part of their upper body), has a spherical shape naturally.
Halo is not an allegory, but a symbolic expression of authentic and concrete realities.
More halo or nimbus depicts the state of holiness, belonging to the uncreated divine energies, the divine light.
Instead, mandorla theophany is an event, a plenary revelation of divine glory, which puts Christian art in connection with certain important Christological moments.
In Orthodox iconography, holy aura separates them from the rest of men, while God mandorla distinguishes it from the rest of the saints.


Monasteries Hosios Loukas (c. 1020), Nea Moni of Hios and Dafni (before 1080), represents a group of Byzantine iconography whose programs similar offers many opportunities for studying representations of divine light.

Mandorla most common types are circle and ellipse (or concentric circles and ellipses), sometimes combined with rhombus racks. They are add-rays - diverging, converging or simple lines - indicating a divine light that radiates from this. Round is used both for standing and for the sitting.

Hosios Loukas, who has the complete cycle of mosaics, including a scene of Pentecost the Holy Spirit, located in the dome, where "tongues of fire" that descends over red Apostles are surrounded by a dark blue-green edge. This ground is met in heavenly rays that descends over Christ in baptism. The same reason is used in these scenes in the Nea Moni Dafni, where the use of silver mosaic is very pronounced, and rays of light present at the baptism include silver.
The representation of the Nativity Monastery Hosios Loukas rays are descending on the Baby Yellow, while at Dafni is silver. Transfiguration scene of Nea Moni, mandorla Christ is golden, while at Hosios Loukas and Dafni is blue, white and silver.
  
 
As we can see, the color is variable halo. The most common color is blue, a legacy of pagan Greco-Roman art, color symbolism that points to the sky. White also is the color burst theophanies events or divine robes and the transfigured Christ, the Epiphany, the Resurrection and Ascension, the angels and those who have conquered death resurrected, according to Revelation. Gold, the color of sunshine, but also symbolizes the transcendence of this divine manifesterea. Yellow Backgrounds express divine glory and celestial world is in Romanesque and Byzantine painting.
Specify paint color byzantine successive opening of the center to the periphery mandorlei, which creates the same effect of light coming towards the viewer. Byzantines were often mandorla in rainbow colors, which was itself a manifestation of light - light in color decomposed - and a symbol of glory.

Orthodoxy is the faith that we know Christ as "Light of the world" (John 8, 12). To see the divine light bodily eyes, as they saw the Lord's disciples on Mount Tabor, we must share in this light , to be converted it into a lesser or greater. mystical experience requires a change in our nature, therefore, exchange of grace.

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***The Wheel by Daniel

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A wheel is a device or full circle with spokes that can be rotated around its own axis. The wheel can transmit a force by performing mechanical work, in which case arises physical quantity called angular momentum, both forms (theoretical) mechanical power transmission. A mechanical assembly consisting of a wheel and axle can rotate its solidarity with smaller losses due to friction, while encouraging and facilitating linear movement by transforming it into a circle. Examples are the most common vehicles for transport on land. Also the wheel has, as a machinery, a mechanism widely used in construction and mechanical equipment. The term "wheel" can be used in more general sense, given the different objects that can rotate or who have only circular wheel.

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Romanian language word that means wheel comes from the Latin rota, which is believed to have originated from the Proto-Indo-European * Rota-, extended form of the root * ret-, which means "to rotate / spin."  Notably there are no macroscopic wheels in animals or plants, although many terrestrial animals (it) can run like a wheel, but the wheels are microscopic in nature, such as those of the ATP synthase and bacteria flagellum.

The Circle in Megalithic Constructions by Denisa:

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Stonehenge - Mystery megalithic stones

Ensemble megalithic Stonehenge, located in Salisbury Plain, about 130 miles from London, is one of the most beautiful prehistoric places in the world and also one of the most mysterious.

The first and most important stage of all the Stonenhenge was a large round building, of wood, surrounded by a circular ditch. Remnants of the fortifications, built between 3200 and 2700 BC, are still visible, despite the erosion. It is estimated that the elevation was about two feet tall, 6 feet wide and a diameter of about 98 meters.

John Aubrey was hypothesized that the misconception that Druids would be the ones who built the monument. He considered writing novels which spoke a Celtic religious sanctuary that flourished around the time of the first Roman conquest of the Druids (55 i.Hr). It is believed but only as Stonehenge Druids used only in a ceremony during the annual solstice.

In 1960, astronomer Gerald Hawkins has advanced the hypothesis that the series of holes of Stonehenge was a kind of "computer" of the Stone Age, for predicting eclipses of the moon. He noted that the dates of eclipses can be predicted if six of the stones are arranged in a certain way, six of these holes, and then moved around the circle in each hole on an.Toata problem is to know if it was also thinking of contructorilor of Stonehenge. first stage of construction dates from 2950 - 2900 BC and consisted of three circles with a diameter of 100 m: a descent from the outside, a ditch and a bank. After the bank were dug 56 holes sit in a circle in which they hammered wooden poles


***The Solar System by Alexandru

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Region universe in which Earth is dependent on the Sun. For this reason it is called the solar system. This includes sun, planets, comets, meteorites and dust.

Sun

Sun is the star closest to Earth. This is why astronomers have studied it more than others. Thus, they can get them and how they handle the composition of our planet.

The dimensions of the solar system

The planets are distributed around the Sun in a disc-shaped area with a radius of about 6 billion kilometers, which is going through six sunlight hours. Even though it may seem large, universally, that the whole world is really tiny solar system. Located about 150 million km from our planet in the sky the sun appears to us as a dazzling drive. Light of reach us in 8 minutes. It covers all the other light of stars. Crossed Its bright rays, Earth's atmosphere so beautiful blue sky. Suppose we reduce the size of an orange sun: Pluto at this scale would not be just a needle pins that would spin at a distance of 400 m porocala and the nearest star would be the situation at 3000 km orange! Seen from Pluto at a distance of approximately 40 times greater than that which separates it from Earth, the Sun appears only as a shining star in the sky always black.

Earth and its movements
 
The distance to the Sun, Earth is the third planet of the solar system after Mercury and Venus. Earth is not perfectly round. He is a sphere slightly flattened at the poles and bulging at the equator, measured radius 6378.136 km at the equator, but 6356.751 km at the poles. Earth is 71% covered in water and is surrounded by a shell called gaseous atmosphere. It consists of air, a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen. In space the atmosphere is what gives Earth its blue hue.

Earth's rotation

Once moving around the Sun and the Earth rotates around its own axis from west to east. Called rotational axis and imaginary axis is a polar axis that enters the Earth's surface even through the geographic poles, the North Pole and South Pole. The rotation axis has an inclination of 66 degrees and 34 minutes to orbit the Earth plane. Earth's rotation around its own axis cause alternating day / night because the rotation by the two hemispheres of the globe are exposed to the sun at the same time. This rotational motion explain why we see the sun rising, climbing up the sky, then descending to the horizon and apunand. Sun moves but not the Earth is one that moves from the Sun. In relation to the stars in Earth's rotation around its own axis takes place in 23 h 56 min 4 sec, it is during a sidereal day. Measured in relation to the apparent motion of the Sun in the sky (solar day), duration is higher by about 4 min. Is used for current day needs of civil life that lasts 24 hours.

 
Moon Phases

Moon phases are the result of changing position from the Sun. When the Moon is between Sun and Earth, we can not see. This is the new moon. In two or three days it appears to the west as a horn thin, bright. This corn grows every day, at the end of a week has gone a quarter of the moon in its orbit around the Earth and shows half of his face lighted: the first quarter, visible in the evening. It then appears oval: this is the month of coconut. Finally, after what she went through half of the orbit is in a position opposite the Sun relative to Earth. His face shines round inreaga night. It is full moon. Then observe how the phases are carried around. Luna is back hunched, then do not distinguish more than half of the lunar disk: visible morning last quarter. A few days later he again takes on the shape of a horn, to the east. Eventually disappears completely: the new moon and the beginning of a new cycle of phases. Between the two phases of the moon is drained almost 29.5 days. This interval is called a lunatic.
 
Earth

Earth is about 150 million km from the Sun. He made the revolution movement in nearly 365.25 days and the rotation around its own axis in 23h 56min 4sec. This is the most voluminous of the four terrestrial planets: it has a diameter slightly larger than 12700 km. Around Earth's air, a gas mixture containing 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen. Specificity is that Earth is the only planet where water can remain liquid, thus favoring the emergence and development of life. This water, which gradually erodes rocks and contribute to changes in land surface topography. The highest temperature on Earth is 58 degrees in Libya, and the lowest of -89.9 degrees in Antarctica. Earth has one satellite: the Moon.

Saturn's rings

Great feature of Saturn's ring system consists of surrounding him, it is so broad that it can be seen even with an amateur telescope. Galileo Galilei in 1612 he let loose again, but only Dutchman Huygens will be the first time will understand the phenomenon in 1659. Su not found on Earth than six rings, but photos taken by the probe have shown that they are Voyajer thousands. They formed around Saturn's equator plane or in a kind of huge disk with a diameter of 300000 km, but with a thickness of only one kilometer. After the position of Saturn in the function of land and sun, we see the rings more or less inclined. When they appear on the edge is so thin you no longer see encouraging. These rings are made of blocks of ice and dust that around the world like little moons.


***The Growth Rings By Mugurel

According to a study published in 2005 in the Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences) in otolitele (ear bones) of certain species of ocean fish, scientists have found in growth rings that can read information Interesting that might prove very useful in business management resources more împuţinatelor globe.
Also according to that study, the newly-revealed both rings can provide information about the climate situation and on the shore of the deep sea.
Researchers have come to the conclusion that the relationship between different aspects of ocean variability and fish can be the basis for developing a new way to study marine ecology.
Thus when the ocean warms, winter is mild and the growing season for trees in the area starts earlier and lasts longer. Tree rings are therefore not lăţesc narrows - the exact opposite as in fish.

"Pacific Ocean has an enormous influence on environmental conditions," says Black. For researchers, the relationship between the development of the trees are aproximativ153 km above the sea and the fish that inhabit the ocean a few kilometers below the surface is fascinated. "

"Cross-dating of these rings - and their comparison with established data sets - offers tremendous potential to learn more about the action of climate on living things, whether land or water," said Boehlert. May joke, more seriously, the researcher added that although the fish did not form rings with an eye to us, the people, and with the intention that through this nine one we do well, however, we know we use the full information stored in them.

According to Boehlert, this interesting study is the fruit of the labors of the Hatfield Marine Science Center, University of Oregon to expand scientific research on the marine environment to study the connections that are formed between it and terrestrial ecosystems.

An approach that tries to highlight the links between different elements of nature can only be to the benefit of all: the science that will enrich their knowledge and thus will increase worldview. The nature itself, which will then be viewed with fresh eyes and its creatures will be truly respected. And finally, of our people, because who knows, maybe someday, we will increase and new, but inside, and we realize our relationship with nature. And about this increase will not see any ring to talk